Dentists who were trained in the 70’s were always taught that the first instrument used in an operative procedure was the enamel hatchet. Caries excavation was done with spoon excavators and a belt driven low speed handpiece. We were always taught that reversible hydrocolloid was an excellent impression material, especially since you could use the same material on multiple patients. You just had to warm it back up in the water bath. We were always taught that we only needed to use a mask and...

Risk factors for heart attack include; age, tobacco, high blood pressure, lipid profile, diabetes, family history of heart attack, lack of physical activity, obesity, stress, illicit drug use, history of preeclampsia, history of autoimmune condition such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis and so on and so on. Why have all these risk factors been identified? Because it is better to prevent a heart attack than it is to have one. Risk factor identification and modification is the cornerstone of p...

If you could test to determine the cause of a person’s diabetes, wouldn’t you do it? If you could get at the root of a person’s atherosclerosis, wouldn’t you test for that as well? If you could take a test sample to diagnose the type of kidney disease, wouldn’t you do it? Hypertension? Ulcers? Pneumonia? Peripheral vascular disease? Rheumatoid arthritis? Crohn’s disease? Acne? Anorexia? Asthma? Bipolar disorder? Breast cancer? Epilepsy? Myocardial infarction? Headache? Of course you would...